Pearl Ball
珍珠球
Pearl ball is a traditional sport of the Mans. It develops from the imitation of the actions of pearl collectors. In competition, the athletes can pass, throw, beat or roll the "pearl" (the ball) freely in the water (the supposed) and try their best to make the partner who is standing in the goal area with a dip net in his hands collect the "pearl". Pearl ball is a sport done with the cooperation of the hands, and apparatus (bat and net). Each game will have two teams at the folk sport meeting. Of each team consists of 6 athletes. In the water area (the inside area) of each team there are three players who are in charge of attack and defense. The attackers can pass, beat, roll or dribble the ball to any direction in order to shoot it into the dip net and goal.
珍珠球是满族的一项传统体育项目，由模仿采珠人的劳动动作演变而来。比赛时，运动员可在“水区”内任意传、投、拍或滚动“珍珠”（球），力争让手持抄网站在得分区内的本方队员采到“珍珠”。珍珠球比赛动作优美，极富观赏性。珍珠球是用手和器械（拍、网）综合进行比赛的运动。民运会的每场珍珠球比赛由两个队参加，每队6名队员商场。水区（内场区）内双方各有3名队员负责进攻或防守。进攻者可将球向任何方向传、拍、滚、运，目的是向抄网投球并得分。
In the shell area (the blockade area) there are two defense athletes of the opponents who have shells (the bats) in hands to prevent the opponent attackers from throwing the pearl into the net with the application of skills such as blocking, shielding, squeezing and pressing etc. There is a player in each team with dip net in his hand playing in the weihu area ( the goal area) and try to catch the ball from his partners. The defenders will try to prevent the opponent from goaling. The team with more goals wins in the end.
蛤蚌区（封锁区）内有两名持蛤蚌（球拍）的守方队员，用封、挡、夹、按等技术动作阻挡进攻队员向抄网内投球。每队有一名持抄网的队员在威呼区（得分区）内活动，用抄网兜试图抄（采）中对方队员投来的珍珠（球）。防守者阻止对方攻球得分。比赛结束时得分多者为胜。
General Competitive Rules:
比赛通则
Time: There are two halves and each half lasts 15 minutes. A ten-minute rest is between the two halves.
比赛时间：比赛分上、下两个半时，每半时15分钟，两半时中间休息10分钟。
Equal score and deciding time: when the second half finishes, if the two teams have equal scores, then prolonged 3 minutes will function as the deciding time. The game continues. If the scores of the two teams are still equal, one more three-minute deciding time is given until the winner is decided. The deciding time is the continuation. In all the deciding times the teams will attack according to the second half. The team fouls and the penalty time will delay to and carried out in each deciding time.
得分相等和决胜期：下半时结束时如果得分相等，则延长3分钟作为决胜期继续比赛，若仍相等则继续延长3分钟，直到分出胜负为止。决胜期是下半时的继续。在所有决胜期中，球队按下半时的进攻方向进攻，全队累计犯规及处罚则延续到每一个决胜期。
Before the first decidiing time, the referee will ask the leaders of the two teams to decide the service by throwing of the coin. Then the service change after each deciding time. A two-minute rest exists between the second half and the first deciding time. Then between the decidling times only serve exchanges and no rest exists. The competition continues with the serve in the central circle under the charge of the referee.
第一个决胜期前，主裁判员要召集双方队长，抛币选择发球权。以后每打一个决胜期双方互换一次发球权。下半时与第一个决胜期之间休息2分钟。以后的每个决胜期之间只交换发球权、不休息，由主裁判员主持在中圈发球继续比赛。
Jump Ball: while jump ball happens, the two athletes from the two teams should stand in their own semicircles with one foot and another foot nears the center of the line between them. When the ball reaches the top height, one or the two athletes must beat it validly. Each of the two athletes can beat the ball twice. If neither of the two athletes beats the ball, jump ball is done again.
跳球：跳球时，两名跳球队员的脚要站在本队场区的半圈内，一只脚靠近两人之间的线的中心。球到达最高点后，必须被一名或双方跳球队员合法拍击跳球才有效。每个跳球队员可以拍击两次。如果双方跳球队员都没有拍到球则应重新跳球。
Before the ball is beaten validly, neither of the two allow to leave their positions and should not catch the ball before the non-jumpers touch it, either. The other two athletes of the two teams can stand in any place in the water areas of the two teams. But they should not move before the ball is beaten. Any part of the body should not be on the central-circle line or beyond the central-circle line (the cylinder). Any action of the above will be judged foul.
在球被合法拍击前，任一跳球队员都不得离开原位置，也不能在球触及非跳球队员所在的地面前将球抓住。双方另两名水区队员可以在水区内的任何一点站位。从跳球开始至拍击前不得移动；不得使身体的任何部分在中圈线（圆柱体）上或超越中圈线（圆柱体）。违反以上规则判违例。
Held Ball: if the ball is held by one of the two teams respectively or by many players the held ball is judged. Then two of athletes holding the ball have the jump ball and the competition continues. If many of the players hold the ball then the jump ball is performed between two athletes of the sides with almost the same height.
争球：若双方各一名队员或多名队员同时紧握球，都不能获得球时应判争球。由双方两名争球队员在中圈跳球继续比赛；如双方多名队员争球时，跳球要在双方两名身高基本相同的争球队员之间进行。
Throw-in: when out, foul, no penalty after foul or serve existing after penalty, then the serving side throws the ball in outside the nearer line to continue the competition. The ball is out at the end line or the sideline of goal, block areas, or foul happens in the block or the goal, the throw-in position is near out of the nearest limit end line. The throw-in player should not move along the line before the ball is throwing out but he can retreat along the vertical line.
掷界外球：当球出界、违例、犯规后不罚点球或罚点球后还有发球权时，由获得发球权的队在附近的边线外掷界外球继续比赛；球在端线或得分区、封锁区的边线出界后，或违例犯规发生在封锁区、得分区时，掷界外球的地点在就近的限制线终端的边线外。掷界外球的队员在球离手前不得超过裁判员指定的地点沿边线移动，但可沿垂直界线的方向后退。
The foul is judged when the following cases take place: the throw-in player touches the ball inside the court before another one touches it; steps on or into the court before the ball is off hand; 5 seconds pass before the ball is off hand; the ball touches the ground or objects outside the court before another athlete touches it inside the court when it is off hand; the ball goes into net directly before another athlete inside the court touches it when it is off hand; before the ball is thrown in, any part of the body of any athlete inside the court is out of the boundary; when the outside barrier is not away from the line within 3 meters, the opponents do not retreat to the inside place away from the throw-in point at least 1 meter.
掷界外球如出现下列情况，应判违例：在球触及另一队员前在场内触球；球离手前或离手时踏；球离手的时间超过5秒钟；球离手后，在球接触场上队员前球触及界外地面和物体；球离手后，在球触及另一水区队员之前直接投入网内；在球掷过界线前，任何其他队员身体的任何部分越过界线；当界外障碍物距界线不足3米时，掷界外球的对方队员未退至掷球地点界线的1米外后的场区内。
Fouls and penalty:
犯规与判罚
a. personal foul means the illegal touch between the players in competition. The athletes should not block the competition by stretching the arms or bending the bodies into irregular post to pull, block, push, bump or stumble the opponents. Any rough or strong movements are not allowed to make the unreasonable touch;
（1）侵人犯规指比赛中队员之间的非法接触。水区队员不准通过伸展肢体或将身体弯曲成“反常的”姿势来拉、阻挡、推、撞、绊对方队员，以阻碍其行进；也不准放纵任何粗野或猛烈的动作，造成不合理的身体接触。
b. tow-side foul means the foul happens to the players of the two sides when they touch each other at the same time;
（2）双方犯规是两名对抗的队员大约同时互相发生接触的犯规。
c. unsportsmanlike foul means that the players make excessive touch on the opponent (including the apparatus) or make use of the dangerous actions on purpose regardless of the rules;
（3）违反体育道德的法规是队员不顾规则的规定，在对方队员身上（含器械）发生过分的接触或队员有意使用危险动作与对方队员发生身体（含器械）接触（严重犯规）。
d. in competition, the players of the two teams (members, trainers, substitutes and the team followers) should cooperate with the judges and his assistants. Any actions to be against the cooperation or the rules on purpose is considered technical foul;
（4）比赛时，双方球队的成员（队员、教练员、替补队员及随队人员）应与裁判员及其助理人员完美和真诚地合作。任何故意地投机取巧地违反合作或本规则的行为都是技术犯规。
e. in each half an hour, the total fouls of the personal and the technical amount to eight times, then each of the foul happening later will be punished penalty. The invaded player does the penalty. If the bat-holder or the net-holder fouls, the penalty is done by the athlete appointed by the invaded team leader;
（5）每半小时，一个队的队员侵人犯规、技术犯规次数累计达8次后，所有以后发生的队员侵人犯规都要判罚一次点球，由受侵犯的队员执行。持拍队员与持网队员的犯规由受侵犯队的队长指定队员执行。
f. foul to the water area player who is throwing the ball or to the net-holder who is netting the ball, a score is judged to the invaded player, then foul is only the ball, a score is judged to the invaded player, then foul is only recorded with no pendy. If they do not throw in (or not net) then they will have a chance of penalty. Foul to the player who is throwing in, the penalty is carried by the thrower. Foul to the net-holder who is netting the ball the penalty is done by the athlete appointed by the team leader. The fouls amount to 8, the penalty is same to the above.
（6）对正在投球的水区队员或正在抄球的持网队员犯规，投（抄）中判给得分，只登记犯规，不再处罚；投（抄）不中，判给受侵犯的队一次点球。对正在投球的队员犯规由投球队员执行；对正在抄（采）球的持网队员犯规由受侵犯队的队长指定队员执行。犯规队队员每半时的犯规次数累计达8次后，罚则与上条相同。
g. All the technical fouls or unsportsmanlike fouls are judged to give the opponent a chance to have penalty or throw-in regardless of whether the opponent throws in or nets or not.
（7）所有技术犯规、违反体育道德的犯规，不论犯规时投（抄）中与否，判给犯规队的对方一次点球和一次掷球权。
Court and Apparatus:
场地与器材
Court: the court should be a hard rectangle with no barries at all. The court is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide measured from the inside of the boundary. There are no barriers at least 3 meters outside the boundary and no barries 7 meters in the height above the ground.
比赛场地：赛场为长方形的坚实平地，无障碍物。场地长28米，宽15米，场地的丈量从界线的内沿量起。界线外至少3米内不得有任何障碍物，场地上空最低障碍物的高度至少7米。
Apparatus: the shell of the ball is made of leather or rubber with a bladder inside. The surface is pearl. The ball has a girth of 54-56 centimeters and a weight of 300-325 grams. The bat is a shell made of flexible resin. The color resembles to the shell. The head of the bat is 35 centimeters long. The widest part is 25 centimeters with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 centimeters. The edge of the bat is packed with the rubber or soft material with the width of less than 0.4 centimeters and the thickness of less than 0.2 centimeters. The shaft of the bat is elliptic cylinder with a length of 15 centimeters and a biggest diameter of 4 centimeters. The total length of the bat is 50 centimeters long and the weight is 390-410 grams.
器材：赛球的外壳用皮革或橡胶制成，内装有球胆，表面应为珍珠（白）色。球的周长为54～56厘米，重量为300～325克。球拍为蛤蚌壳形状，用具有韧性的树脂材料制成的，颜色与蛤蚌颜色相仿。球拍部分长35厘米，最宽部分25厘米，厚度0.3～0.5厘米。球拍边缘用橡胶或软质材料包裹，宽度不超过0.4厘米，厚度不超过0.2厘米。拍柄为椭圆柱形，长15厘米，最大直径4厘米。球拍总长50厘米，重量390～410克。
The net mouth is round and the net circle is made of metal strips. The round strip is 0.4-0.42 centimeters in diameter. The inside diameter of the net mouth is 25 centimeters. The net is made of thin rope or nylon. The depth of the net is 30-35 centimeters with the net holes of 3-3.5 centimeters in diameter. The color of the net should be dark. The shaft of the net is cylinder with a length of 15 centimeters, a diameter of 3-4 centimeters. The weight of the net is 180-250 grams.
抄网兜口为圆形，网圈用圆形金属条形成。圈条直径0.4～0.42厘米，兜口内径25厘米。网兜用细绳或尼龙绳织成，网深30～35厘米，网眼直径为3～3.5厘米。网兜颜色应为深色。网柄为圆柱形，长15厘米，直径3～4厘米。抄网重量为180～250克。
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