become、get、go、grow、run、turn等系动词用法
常见的“变成”类系动词有become, get, come, go, grow, fall, turn, run等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态。尽管意思都差不多,但搭配有差别,若不注意,运用时会出错。我们要注意以下几个方面。
1. 形容词作表语。
go和come是一对相反的词。"go+adj."表示令人不快的事情,而"come+adj."表示好的事情。如:
In hot weather, meat goes bad.
Things will come righ in the end.
go与come前面的主语一般是物。如:
误:She goes famous.
正:She becomes(gets) famous.
表语为mad,crazy(古怪的),blind, lame或表示颜色的词,go前面的主语可以是人。如:
He went mad.
Hearing this, she went red.
run后面接short, dry, low, deep等词,主语多为能流动,能消耗掉的东西。如:
Their money was running short.
Still waters run deep.
但wild作表语,主语可以是人,如:.
Don't let the children run wild.
grow与run相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于“逐渐变成”。
如:The girl grew thinner and thinner.
Soon the sky grew light.
turn多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。如:
The man turned blue with fear.
The weather suddenly turned much colder.
fall接asleep, silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。如:
She fell ill froom cold.
(误)She fell from cold.
(正)She got worse.
fall short(没中),fall apart(散开),fall flat(没效果),可作成语记住。
"get+adj."是口语,用得广泛,get能替代become, become较正式,get与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。如:
He became(got) angry.
His coat has become(got) badly torn.
get较多地与形容词比较级连用。如:
The days are getting longer and longer.
注意:become一般不用于“将来成为”的意思。如:
(误)I hope you will become well.
(正)I hope you will get well.
2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名词作表语,其它的则不能。如:
His dream has become(got) a reality.
He has turned scientist.
He has gone socialist.
He fell(a) victim to cancer.
注意:go, turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。
3. become, get, grow能接过去分词,并且come和go多接有否定前缀的过去分词。“get+过去分词”表示一次行为;“become+过去分词”表示事情发生的最后结果。如:
The string comes untied.
His report went unnoticed.
The fence gets white---washed every year.
She became engaged as a typist.
4. get, go, come能接现在分词,不过它们已失去“成为”的意思。如:
They went in and got chatting together.(开始)
We often go swimming.(去)
He came running in(来)
5. come, grow, get能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come表示“最终变得”get表示“由不……变得”,grow表示“渐渐变得”如:
I've really come to love this place.
Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.
You'll soon get to like it.
这种结构不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态。如:
(误)They have got to know each other for years.
(正)They have known each other for years.
6. 它们都可以接介词短语,固定搭配需要一个一个地记。如:
They ran out of money.
The problem will come under discussion.
They fell behind the others.
What has become of the girl.
It's getting near tea-time.