Stone Lifting
举石
Stone lifting is a game to lift up stones or stone instruments to do physical training or show one's strength, including the stone lion lifting, stone block lifting, millstone lifting, stone discs lifting and stone lock lifting etc.
举石是一种举起石头制品或石制器械，以锻炼身体或显示力量的举重活动，内容包括举石狮，石墩，石磨盘，石担、石锁等等。
Tuoguan and Tripod lifting are more traditional activities in Chinese weightlifting history. After Tang and Song dynasties, stone lifting became the main stream for it was convenient to make stomewares, which cost low and could be held and lift up easily.
在中国古代举重的历史上，拓关、扛鼎都是较为古老的举重活动，至唐宋以后，由于石制品制作方便、成本较低，且易于抓举，举石便替代拓关、扛鼎，而成为举重活动中的主流项目。
There are descriptions about stone lifting in old diaries and stories. It also named Tuoshi, was a special subject in Qing's Wushu Examinations with stones weighing 20ojins, 250jins and 300 jins respectively. A player was considered qualified to lift a stone up at least one chi from the earth.
在中国古代的笔记、小说中，常有对举石活动的记述和描绘。在清朝的武举科目中，专门有举石一项，亦称为掇石，石重分为200斤、250斤、300斤三种，以抱离地面一尺以上为合格。
But stone lifting was a supplemental event in Wushu in ancient China, and it was mainly to lift stone discs and stone locks. The shape of stone discs was much same to the barbells and there was a bar between the bells of oblates. In the center of the oblates, there were holes in order to stick the bar in. These oblates were made of different weights to adapt to different people and different purposes. There were two methods to lift stone discs, one was to lift it up and the other to brandish it. To lift it up means to lift it with one or two hands, but to brandish it means to wave it up in the air with various movements. Stone block was like an ancient lock, and its function and playing method were similar to the modern dumbbells.
不过，在中国古代，举石作为一种举重活动，主要还是作为武术训练的一个辅助项目，而且以举石担和石锁为主。石担的形状与现代举重中的杠铃相似，中间为一根木棒，两边为两块扁圆形的石块，石块的中间有孔，便于串在木棒上。这些圆石块甚至还专门被制作成不同的重量，以适应不同的人群及不同的训练目的。举石担的方法有两种，一为举，一为舞。举即用单手或双手把石担举起来，舞则为双手持石担进行舞动，可做出各种动作。石锁的形状则酷似一把古代的锁，它的功能和玩法与现代的哑铃相似。
Modern weight lifting started from Europe in 18th century and was introduced into China at the beginning of the 20th century. It is the official competition in the Olympic Games. It has its instruments-the metal barbells, and a perfect and regular training ways and competitive rules, which cannot be found in Chinese traditional stone lifting.
现代举重运动始于18世纪末的欧洲，于20世纪初传人中国，是奥运会的正式比赛项目。它以金属杠铃为器械，有一整套规范的训练方法和竞赛规则，这一切，都是中国传统的举石运动所缺乏的。
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